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PROTEST AND DISSENT IN CHINA

In spite of restrictions on freedom of association and of speech, a wide variety of protests and dissident movements have proliferated in China, particularly in the decades since the death of Mao Zedong. Among the most notable of these were the 1959 Tibetan uprising against Communist Party rule, the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, which was put down with military force, and the 25 April 1999 demonstration by 10,000 Falun Gong practitioners at Zhongnanhai. Protesters and dissidents in China espouse a wide variety of grievances, including but not limited to corruption, forced evictions, unpaid wages, human rights abuses, environmental degradation, ethnic protests, petitioning for religious freedom and civil liberties, protests against one-party rule, as well as nationalist protests against foreign countries.

The number of annual protests has grown steadily since the early 1990s, from approximately 8700 “mass group incidents” in 1993 to over 87,000 in 2005. In 2006, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences estimated the number of annual mass incidents to exceed 90,000, and Chinese sociology professor Sun Liping estimated 180,000 incidents in 2010. Mass incidents are defined broadly as "planned or impromptu gathering that forms because of internal contradictions", and can include public speeches or demonstrations, physical clashes, public airings of grievances, and other group behaviors that are seen as disrupting social stability.

Despite the increase in protests, some scholars have argued that they may not pose an existential threat to Communist Party rule because they lack “connective tissue;” the preponderance of protests in China are aimed at local-level officials, and only a select few dissident movements seek systemic change.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protest_and_dissent_in_China

Fierce clashes at “Democracy village”
China Worker 14 September 2016

Protesters defy crackdown
Wukan in southern China is described as a “war zone” after hundreds of heavily armed police descended on the village this week, raiding houses during the night, arresting dozens and then confronting protesters with tear gas and rubber bullets. The crackdown, although ordered by the lower-level authorities, is the latest sign China has entered an ‘ice age’ of repression under Xi Jinping, who is engaged in a fierce top-level power struggle, while presiding over mass arrests of dissidents and unprecedented levels of media and internet censorship.

“Most people have been scared badly,” a villager told James Pomfret of Reuters. “…This time it was a wild crackdown. They went after everyone, chasing them up into their houses, beating people.”
http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/7723

China: violent protests reveal instability
Jack Rising (Marxist.com) 20 May 2015

Thousands of protesters violently clashed with authorities last Saturday in Linshui County, located in eastern Sichuan province. The protesters demanded that a proposed high speed railway pass through Linshui. They were met with batons and rubber bullets, with hundreds reportedly being injured by the police and tactical units. The heavy handed response of the Chinese state to these protests reveals the instability and weakness of the regime.
Around 20,000 protesters took to the streets of Linshui in support of the rail line. A letter written by a resident of Linshui addressed to the state authorities stated, “There are two railways passing through Guangan. We are the only county in the region that has nothing.
http://www.marxist.com/china-violent-protests-reveal-instability.htm

Miners’ strike while People’s Congress discusses mass redundancies
Dikang, (chinaworker.info) 16 May 2016

Thousands march in Heilongjiang province opposing job cuts.
Thousands of coal miners in the far northeast of China have been on strike for six days, demanding that China’s rulers – the so-called Communist Party dictatorship (CCP) – “give us back our money!”

The protests, captured in dramatic video footage that is banned inside China, have shaken the Chinese regime during the very week when its ceremonial National People’s Congress (NPC) has been meeting in Beijing. A key discussion at the NPC has been about how the regime will cut the workforce in state-owned industries, with widely cited reports of 5-6 million redundancies, equivalent to one in six state sector jobs. The striking mineworkers of Heilongjiang province, a region already devastated by closures and layoffs, have given a courageous and resounding answer to these plans.
http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/7511

A victory for protests in China and worldwide
chinaworker.info reporters 14 April 2015

Five women activists released in rare climb down by Beijing regime
The five feminists whose detention over a month ago sparked a global protest campaign were released on Monday 13 April. The women’s release represents a significant and rare climb down by the Chinese authorities in the face of mounting global protests. The Washington Post described the release as a “surprise move” and many had indeed feared the worst for these young activists as they were ensnared in the crackdown against protest and expression that has become the hallmark of Xi Jinping’s rule. “In some ways this retreat is the first significant crack in the wall as far as Xi Jinping’s massive campaign of state repression is concerned,” said Vincent Kolo, editor of chinaworker.info.
http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/7167

50,000 strike at sports shoe manufacturers
China Worker 29 April 2014

Local government, police and company bosses coordinate crackdown
It is one of the biggest strikes in China for decades and has attracted international attention. The strike at factories owned by Yue Yuen Industrial Holdings in the Dongguan township of Gaobu is already one for the history books. Dongguan is in Guangdong province, which accounts for more than a fifth of China’s exports. The ruling ‘Communist’ Party (CCP) has been understandably nervous about such a massive protest, and the risk of a ripple effect. The strikers, up to 50,000 at one stage, demanded back payment of millions of yuan in unpaid social insurance and pension contributions.
http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/6759

Tibetans in revolt: What is the way forward?
China Worker 14 March 2013

Chinese regime’s repression responsible for Tibetan self-immolations
March 14 is the fifth anniversary of the protests across Tibetan-populated regions against suffocating political and religious repression by the Communist Party (CCP) regime. This also coincides with the anniversary, on March 10, of the crushing of the Tibetan revolt of 1959. Up to 200 people lost their lives in the countdown to the Beijing Olympics in 2008, in the most serious upheavals in Tibet since 1989. The protests began peacefully, until repression by the state triggered riots and serious inter-ethnic clashes between Tibetans and Han Chinese, and led many in China to support the subsequent crackdown.

Five years on, and the agony of Tibetans is expressed in a wave of horrific self-immolations. More than 100 ethnic Tibetans have set themselves on fire over the past two years in a shocking new method of protest against Chinese state repression. Of these suicides and attempted suicides, around one-fifth were just 18 years of age of younger.
http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/6208

Guangdong village rebellion as ‘legislature’ meets in Beijing
Zhang Shujie and Vincent Kolo, China Worker 10 March 2013

Spirit of Wukan revived with demands for democratic vote over land seizures
Yet another Guangdong village has risen in revolt against illicit land sales. Yet another tense standoff is underway between protesters, at the end of their patience over official corruption, and large numbers of security personnel deployed by local CCP (Communist Party) leaders. The protests in Shangpu, which revive memories of the epic Wukan village rebellion of 2011, come at the worst possible time for the Chinese dictatorship. Last Tuesday the rubber-stamp National People’s Congress (NPC) opened its annual session, to cement the handover of power to Xi Jinping and the new princeling-dominated leadership. The struggle in Shangpu provides a vivid reminder of the stark economic reality for the masses, far away from the splendour and billionaire lifestyles of the CPP elite gathered in Beijing.

China experiences more than 180,000 “mass incidents” every year – street marches, strikes or violent disturbances. Fully two-thirds of these incidents are related to the seizure of farmland for development. A joint study by US-based Landesa Rural Development Institute, Renmin University in Beijing and Michigan State University conducted in 2011 revealed that on average 4 million people lose their land to government expropriation every year.
http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/6200

2,000 workers riot at Foxconn factory
China Worker 26 September 2012

Brutal conditions behind latest flare-up at iPhone manufacturer
Security guards are being blamed for triggering the mass riot at Foxconn’s huge factory in Shanxi province in northern China at the weekend – another example of the explosive tensions accumulating among super-exploited Chinese workers in gigantic prison-like sweatshops such as those run by Foxconn.

Up to 2,000 workers were reportedly involved at the height of the unrest, with 40 people sent to hospital, as violent clashes continued for several hours from Sunday evening until Monday morning. News reports say that 5,000 police were called to the plant to restore order. According to Xinhua at least three of the injured are in serious condition. There are even reports of fatalities in some foreign media but this has been denied by Foxconn.
http://www.socialistworld.net/mob/doc/5959

The Wukan uprising and its lessons
Vincent Kolo and Zhang Shujie 23 February 2012

Workers’ strikes and new local rebellions use the slogan “Learn from Wukan”
Wukan is the fishing village in southern China’s Guangdong province that achieved worldwide fame as a symbol of mass resistance. Like thousands of other rural communities in recent years, the 13,000 inhabitants of Wukan rose up against corrupt local officials who have stolen land and made millions in profits. But Wukan achieved something else, by displaying a new level of organisation and mass mobilisation, setting up independent popular committees and campaign structures. In so doing, Wukan has become a benchmark for future struggle in China.

Its people waged a daring and impressive four-month long struggle that ejected the local ‘communist’ (Chinese Communist Party) government, and set up their own elected council to run the community. Finally, in the face of repression, arrests, a siege by thousands of paramilitary police, and the death of a protest leader in police custody, a dramatic settlement was reached on 21 December that seemed to meet most of the villagers’ demands. At that time, chinaworker.info warned that the agreement with provincial CCP representatives could not be trusted; that continued mass pressure through the building of democratic grassroots organisations and links with other mass struggles was needed. Our warnings have been confirmed.
http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/5597

Strikes spread amid economic slowdown
Vincent Kolo 7 December 2011

Women workers at Hi-P international in Shanghai continue their strike against layoffs for 8th day
Around 400 workers at Singapore-owned Hi-P International, an electronics manufacturer, are continuing their strike in the Pudong district of Shanghai. With negotiations hitting a wall, police have taken a tough line against the strikers. A dozen strikers were arrested yesterday (6 December) and workers have complained of police beatings earlier in the dispute, which has now lasted for eight days.

The company, which makes components for companies such as Apple, HP, Blackberry (RIM) and Motorola, is relocating the factory to a remote suburb of the city. Many among the predominantly female workforce do not want to move and are demanding their legal right to compensation from the company.

“We work long shifts, sometimes over 20 hours. Even with a company shuttle bus, the new factory will mean an hour and a half’s travelling every day, so we won’t have any time left to rest,” said one migrant worker from Sichuan.

“Most of us have been working at this factory for many years, so we should be properly compensated if they want to break our contracts,” she told the South China Morning Post.

“They are moving the factory but I don’t want to go there,” a worker surnamed Zhang told Reuters. “Now they just don’t want to compensate us. They do not want to even give us a single cent.”
http://www.socialistworld.net/mob/doc/5475

Thousands protest against pollution from chemical plant in Jiangxi
China Worker 22 August 2011

Second major protest against pollution in one week
Residents of Lianhua County in the southeastern province of Jiangxi staged a large demonstration against a polluting chemical plant on 16 August. Their protest came just two days after more then 12,000 took the streets of Dalian, in the northeast, forcing the city authorities to close a petrochemical plant. Read our report on the Dalian protests here.

Locals involved in the Jiangxi protest organised a blockade over several months at the entrance of Longsen Industrial Company, which they blame for severe pollution of water, fish, and crops in the area. On Tuesday 16 August, the local government decided to crack down on the demonstration, sending in hundreds of armed police. Reports have surfaced of police beatings and injuries to several protesters.
http://www.socialistworld.net/doc/5239

Worldwide protests against IT giant’s labour abuses
Vincent Kolo,China Worker 14 May 2011

Working conditions at suicide-company Foxconn in China largely unchanged, says new report
This rotten state of affairs was highlighted in a global day of action on May 7 against Foxconn and Apple, called by labour NGOs (non government organisations) and pressure groups, and supported by chinaworker.info. In Hong Kong, the group SACOM (Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior), which is linked to Hong Kong Baptist University, staged a hard-hitting street theatre in Mong Kok (a ‘Mecca’ for IT shoppers) to mark the occasion. Placards with the message “Rotten Apple” and “Bloody Apple” helped draw a large crowd. The event coincided with the publication of a new 20-page report by SACOM (download the report at SACOM’s website) on conditions at Foxconn’s mastadon production sites in China. The report, based on factory visits by SACAM associates and interviews with Foxconn workers, shows that not much has changed since the company was catapulted into the global spotlight by a spate of worker suicides – 17 in total – which drew attention to its harsh working regime.
http://www.socialistworld.net/mob/doc/5056

MAJOR STRIKES WITH MORE THAN 1000 PARTICIPANTS 2011-2016


Strikes with more than 1000 participants 2011 - 2016

Over 10000 teachers in Harbin, Heilongjiang, strike and protest against gov withholding their wages, many are beaten and arrested
Heilongjiang 23 November 2014
http://wickedonna2.tumblr.com/post/103698297453/11-26

Over 10000 container truck drivers in Shenzhen strike against high parking fees and excessive traffic police penalties
Guangdong 3 November 2014
wickedonna2.tumblr.com/post/101804065758/20141

Over 10,000 taxi drivers in Guangzhou, Guangdong, strike against unlicensed taxis, high rental fees, and low fare prices
Guangdong 15 October 2014
http://wickedonna2.tumblr.com/post/100141296033/2014

Over 10,000 workers at a Apple supplier in Dongguan strike against benefit cuts, many are beaten and arrested by police
Guangdong 9 September 2014
http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2014-09-10/054230816877.shtml

Tens of thousands of workers at Yuyuan Shoes in Dongguan, Guangdong block roads and protest against the company's pension fraud. Under government pressure, all went back to work on 28 April.
Guangdong 5 April 2014
http://wickedonna2.tumblr.com/post/81780266638/4-5

Thousands of Retired Workers for Gezhouba Group Demonstrating for 3rd Continuous Day, Protesting Excessively Low Retirement Benefits
Hubei 20 February 2012
http://www.grxfw.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1975&from=portal

Over 10,000 Workers on Strike at Lanyu Railroad Company over Unpaid Wages of Over 300 Million Yuan
Gansu 30 October 2011
http://money.163.com/11/1029/05/7HGRELSS002526O5.html

Over 10,000 Staff at Spark Pharmaceutical Factory in Datong, Shanxi Encircle City Government for 3 Day, 3 Nights
Shanxi 18 May 2011
http://grbbs.net/thread-10270-1-1.html


Major Strikes Guangdong 2011-2016

Table of strikes with more that 1000 participants 2011 - 2016


Major strikes with more than 10000 participants 2016


All strikes 2016

FORCED EVICTIONS IN CHINA

Forced eviction in the People's Republic of China refers to the practice of involuntary land requisitions from the citizenry, typically in order to make room for development projects. In many instances, government authorities working in collusion with private developers seize land from villagers, often with little to no compensation. Forced evictions are particularly common in rural areas, and are a major source of unrest and public protest. By some estimates, up to 65 percent of the 180,000 annual "mass incidents" in China stem from grievances over forced evictions. Citizens who resist or protest the evictions have reportedly been subjected to harassment, beatings, or detention. The rate of forced evictions has grown significantly since the 1990s, as city and county-level governments have increasingly come to rely on land sales as an important source of revenue. In 2011, the Financial Times reported that 40 percent of local government revenue comes from land sales. Guan Qingyou, a professor at Tsinghua University, estimated that land sales accounted for 74 percent of local government income in 2010.

Forced evictions are a common catalyst for organized protests and demonstrations. According to some estimates, as much as 65 percent of the estimated 180,000 annual "mass incidents" (protests) in China stem from grievances over forced evictions. Notable examples of large-scale demonstrations against forced evictions include the December 2011 protests in the Southern village of Wukan, which resulted in the temporary expulsion of Communist Party authorities, and the 2005 Dongzhou protests, which ended with the shooting deaths of several protesting villagers by armed police.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_evictions_in_China


China’s Blood-Stained Property Map
An interactive, participatory map project aims to show each and every violent land grab incident in China.



The EJ Atlas is a teaching, networking and advocacy resource. Strategists, activist organizers, scholars, and teachers will find many uses for the database, as well as citizens wanting to learn more about the often invisible conflicts taking place.

china-ejolt.jpg (146999 bytes)

1. The Fujia Petrochemical Paraxylene (PX) Plant protest in Dalian, Liaoning, China
As Typhoon Meihua battered China’s east coast in early August, a dyke protecting China’s largest manufacturer of paraxylene (PX) was washed away, bringing the plant’s existence to the attention of the local population and triggering public safety fears (Tang Hao, China Dialogue, 6 September 2011).
http://ejatlas.org/conflict/the-fujia-petrochemical-paraxylene-px-plant-protest-in-dalian-liaoning-china

2 Waste incineration plant in Hangzhou, China
On 11 May, 2014, thousands of people in the city of Hangzhou protested against plans by the local government to build a waste incinerator ; major concerns are related to health impacts. At least 10 residents and 29 police were injured during violent confrontations that resulted in overturned vehicles, as well as the burning of police cars.
http://ejatlas.org/conflict/violent-protests-against-development-of-waste-incineration-plant-in-hangzhou- china

3 Controversy over planned paraxylene (PX) plant expansion in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
The demonstrations in Ningbo began on 24 October 2012, when about 200 villagers began petitioning over environmental concerns over a planned chemical plant and blocked traffic in the streets, the local government said. In a statement, the Zhenhai district government condemned those it blamed for organizing sit-ins and blocking roads in Ningbo but insisted that public sentiment would be taken into consideration before the start of construction. “Detailed information will be published when environmental reviews are implemented, and public opinions on the project will be heeded,” the statement said.
http://ejatlas.org/conflict/controversy-over-planned-paraxylene-px-plant-expansion-in-ningbo-zhejiang-china

4 Yongxing Cancer Village near Likeng Landfill and Incinerators in Guangdong Province, China
Likeng, approximately 23 kilometres away from Guangzhou’s city centre, was once the site of a small reservoir near Yongxing village. Twenty years ago, vast fields were irrigated with clear water coming down from hills and planted with rice, vegetables and fruits. However, in 1991 the reservoir was replaced by a landfill, which was followed by two incinerators constructed nearby. (1) Earlier in 2015, a comprehensive waste treatment plant completed bidding and is now undergoing its environmental impact assessment. (2) Having failed to stop these projects, Yongxing Village has entered the category of a cancer village.
http://ejatlas.org/conflict/yongxing-cancer-village-near-likeng-landfill-and-incinerators-in-guangdong- province

5 Violent protests against planned paraxylene (PX) plant in Maoming, Guangdong, China
Protests against a proposed paraxylene (PX) plant in Maoming, Guangdong, caught the attention of national and international media for its intensity and scale. On the first day of the protests (30 March, 2014), hundreds of protests appeared on the streets, with clashes with police and reports of tear gas being launched at protesters. Many were injured, with photos on social media circulating images of police chasing protesters with batons. The Maoming government has called the unauthorised protest "a serious offence" and urged residents to "trust the government and not give illegal elements the opportunity to cause chaos” . The reported turnout was reported to have reached 1000 people. A follow-up protest to the protest on Sunday was much larger, according according to a report from Radio Free Asia based on eyewitness accounts. “I am here at the scene right now, and there are probably upwards of 20,000 people here [outside the government buildings in Maoming],
http://ejatlas.org/conflict/controversy-over-planned-paraxylene-px-plant-in-maoming-guangdong-china

6 Heavy Metal Pollution in Quijing, Yunnan, China
In March 2011, a procession of trucks started carting “yellow and black soil” towards the sandy land west of the village. Nobody noticed this “soil” was then being dumped by the roadside. Later calculations put the quantity of abandoned material at 140 loads, or 5,000 tonnes. When the villagers found out about the dumping, they tried to stop the trucks, but to no avail. The drivers started coming at night so as to avoid them, and the dumping continued for more than a month. The locals were worried. Village cadre Yang Yongsheng and other local officials took the matter up with their superiors. The environmental authorities quickly came to inspect the site and told the villagers not to drink the water, or to use it for livestock or irrigation, but did not explain why (ibid).
http://ejatlas.org/conflict/heavy-metal-chromium-pollution-in-quijing-yunnan-china

7 Peaceful students march against copper mine in Dawu, Tibet
In north eastern Tibet, students from Senior Tibetan High School demonstrated against destructive mining in the prefecture Golog ( in chinese Guoluo ), in Qinghai region. In fact on July 2011, over 400 students marched on a 60 kilometres to the site of a copper mine in Dawu, named Deerni Copper Mine. They later staged a sit-in at the county government offices. Police forced the students to disperse although no arrests were made. News of the protest was reported by the Tibet Times and Voice of Tibet Radio. Photo of the protest was sent from Golog to sources in exile and later posted on Chinese social networking websites. Although promptly taken down, the photo attracted dozens of supportive comments. In response, the Central Government ordered an investigation according to the logic that this could not be just an environmental protection issue, but must have had some other ethnic reasons behind that.
http://ejatlas.org/conflict/8-april-2010-in-nyarong-kham-exploitation-of-mineral-resources

8 Paraxylene (PX) plant expansion in Pengzhou, Sichuan, China
Paraxylene (PX) production in Pengzhou, Sichuan, started in 2005. But the Chengdu residents didn’t begin to express their concern until the company started to choose an appropriate place in 2007. On 4th April 2013, because of the protest, the local government of Chengdu announced that the enterprise will not be allowed to produce anything until legal authorization, and the whole process will include public participation. Some people called for "TAKE A WALK" (a silent protest) on 4th May, in Tianfu square, and the police warned they would watch on the protests action. The petrochemical enterprise posted statements arguing it was "scientific" rather than "harmful" to choose Pengzhou as location. The local government of Chengdu even moved the weekend to Monday and Tuesday to prevent people's participation to the protest actions: the schools of Chengdu required the students to have class and forbid students to join the demonstration.
http://ejatlas.org/conflict/controversy-over-planned-paraxylene-px-plant-expansion-in-pengzhou-sichuan-china


MORE INFORMATION BY REGION
WESTERN CHINA NORTHERN CHINA SOUTHERN CHINA

LINKS TO INFORMATION ON PROTESTS IN CHINA
China Labour Bulletin
http://wickedonna2.tumblr.com/
http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2010/10/china%E2%80%99s-blood-stained-property-map/
Opposition to coal in China

CHINA PROTEST ANALYSIS


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